Neon (Ne)
Stable isotopes of neon available from ISOFLEX
| Isotope | Z(p) | N(n) | Atomic Mass | Natural Abundance | Enrichment Level | Chemical Form |
| Ne-20 | 10 | 10 | 19.992440176 | 90.48% | 99.995% | Gas |
| Ne-21 | 10 | 11 | 20.99384674 | 0.27% | 70.27-90.00% | Gas |
| Ne-22 | 10 | 12 | 21.9913855 | 9.25% | 99.95% | Gas |
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Neon was discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsay and Morris Travers, who also discovered krypton and xenon. It takes its name from the Greek word neon, which means “new.”
Neon is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that forms face-centered cubic crystals. A zero-valent element with a highly stable octet configuration, neon is inert to practically all chemicals. Neon forms an unstable hydrate at low temperatures under high pressure. It does ionize, however, under high vacuum (as in an electric discharge tube), forming some ions.
The most important use of this gas is in “neon” lights and fluorescent signs for advertisements. Contained in glow discharge lamps or high-voltage discharge tubes at low pressure, neon emits red light. In the presence of mercury vapors, the color of the glow turns blue. Neon is also used in scintillation counters, neutron fission counters, proportional counters, and ionization chambers for detection of charged particles.
Properties of Neon
| Name | Neon |
| Symbol | Ne |
| Atomic number | 10 |
| Atomic weight | 20.179 |
| Standard state | Gas at 298 °K |
| CAS Registry ID | 7440-01-9 |
| Group in periodic table | 18 |
| Group name | Noble gas |
| Period in periodic table | 2 |
| Block in periodic table | p-block |
| Color | Colorless |
| Classification | Nonmetallic |
| Melting point | -248.59 °C |
| Boiling point | -246.08 °C |
| Thermal conductivity | 0.0491 W/(m·K) |
| Heat of vaporization | 1.75 kJ·mol-1 |
| Heat of fusion | 0.34 kJ·mol-1 |
| Density of gas | 1.44 g/cm3 |
| Electron configuration | [He]2s22p6 |
| Atomic radius | 0.71 Å |
| Oxidation state | 0 |
| Critical temperature | -228.75 ºC |
| Critical pressure | 26.9 atm |
| Solubility in water | 10.5 mL/L at 20 ºC |
